Policy Library - Office of Policy & Compliance

Policy Title: Dual Use Research of Concern	Category: Research
Owner: Vice President for Research	Policy ID#: 7-2001-012
Contact: Research Integrity, safety and Compliance Review Office Web: https://www.research.colostate.edu/safety-and-compliance/ Phone: (970) 491-1883	Original Effective Date: 9/18/2015 Last Revision: 1/10/2023
	*Print Version: Click Here to Print*

PURPOSE OF THIS POLICY

Despite its value and benefits, some research conducted for legitimate purposes may provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be misused for harmful purposes. Such research is called “dual use research.” Dual use research of concern (DURC) is a subset of dual use research defined as “life sciences research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel, or national security.” This Dual Use Research of Concern in the Life Sciences Policy articulates the practices and procedures required to ensure that dual use research of concern is identified at the institutional level. Risk mitigation measures are implemented as necessary and consistent with the United States Government (USG) Policy for Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences Dual Use Research of Concern.

APPLICATION OF THIS POLICY

This policy applies to all persons employed by or acting on behalf of the University.

DEFINITIONS USED IN THIS POLICY

Dual use research is research conducted for legitimate purposes that generates knowledge, information, technologies, and/or products that can be utilized for both benevolent and harmful purposes.

Dual use research of concern, or “DURC,” is life sciences research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel, or national security.

Institution is Colorado State University.

Institutional Contact for Dual Use Research, or “ICDUR,” is a person designated by the institution to serve as an internal resource for issues regarding compliance with and implementation of the requirements for the oversight of DURC as well as the liaison (as necessary) between the institution and the relevant federal funding agency.

Institutional Review Entity (IRE) is established by the institution to execute the requirements in the policy.

Life sciences pertains to living organisms (e.g., microbes, human beings, animals, and plants) and their products, including all disciplines and methodologies of biology such as agricultural science, plant science, animal science, bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, synthetic biology, environmental science, public health, modeling, engineering of living systems, and all applications of the biological sciences. The term is meant to encompass the diverse approaches to understanding life at the level of ecosystems, populations, organisms, organs, tissues, cells, and molecules.

Principal Investigator (PI) is an individual who is designated by the research institution to direct a project or program and who is responsible to the funding agency or the research institution for the scientific and technical direction of that project or program.

POLICY STATEMENT

Life sciences research performed at Colorado State University (CSU) is subject to institutional oversight. The purpose of this oversight is to preserve the benefits of such research while minimizing the risk that the knowledge, information, products, or technologies generated by DURC could be used in a manner that results in harm to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel, or national security. As part of our institutional responsibility, CSU’s oversight complies with the March 2012 DURC Policy and the USG Policy for Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences DURC. Institutional oversight includes the identification of life sciences research that raises dual use concerns as well as the implementation of measures to mitigate the risk that DURC may result in harm. Measures that mitigate the risks of DURC should be applied in a manner that minimizes, to the maximum extent possible, adverse impact on legitimate research, is commensurate with the risk, includes flexible approaches that leverage existing processes, and endeavors to preserve and foster the benefits of research.

POLICY PROVISIONS

Applicability

This policy and its oversight requirements apply to all life sciences research being performed at Colorado State University, regardless of funding. Non-compliance with this Policy may result in suspension, limitation, or termination of life sciences research at the institution.

Scope of Oversight Required Under this Policy

A. Covered agents and toxins

Avian influenza virus (highly pathogenic)
Bacillus anthracis
Botulinum neurotoxin (in any quantity)
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Ebola virus
Foot-and-mouth disease virus
Francisella tularensis
Marburg virus
Reconstructed 1918 Influenza virus
Rinderpest virus
Toxin-producing strains of Clostridium botulinum
Variola major virus
Variola minor virus
Yersinia pestis
Any other agent or toxin that may be identified by the USG Policy for Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences DURC

Note: As scientific research and technologies continue to evolve, the definition of DURC may not be limited to the currently listed agents. To be proactive, the Institutional Contact for Dual Use Research (ICDUR) may choose to classify other agents and toxins or experiments for DURC review on a case-by-case basis, following a formal risk assessment. These agents will be classified as Institutional DURC, and may not require oversight by USG funding agency, as outlined in the policy

B. Categories of experiments

Enhances the harmful consequences of the agent or toxin
Disrupts immunity or the effectiveness of an immunization against the agent or toxin without clinical and/or agricultural justification
Confers to the agent or toxin resistance to clinically and/or agriculturally useful prophylactic or therapeutic interventions against that agent or toxin or facilitates their ability to evade detection methodologies
Increases the stability, transmissibility, or the ability to disseminate the agent or toxin
Alters the host range or tropism of the agent or toxin
Enhances the susceptibility of a host population to the agent or toxin
Generates or reconstitutes an eradicated or extinct agent or toxin listed above or creates a novel pathogen.

C. Organizational Framework for Oversight of DURC

Generally, components of the oversight system for DURC include:

Identification by the Principal Investigator (PI) of life sciences research that falls within the scope of this policy;
An institutional review process for assessing whether the research produces, aims to produce, or is reasonably anticipated to produce one or more of the effects listed above, and, if so, determining whether the research meets the definition of DURC. This includes assessing the benefits and risks associated with its conduct and communication, developing a plan for mitigating identified risks, and ensuring that research is conducted in accordance with the risk mitigation plan;
Notification of the results of this review process and provision of the risk mitigation plan by the institution to the federal funding agency, or for non-federally funded research, to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (which will receive for administrative purposes on behalf of all of the institution's federal funders) and annual assurance of compliance with the policy; and
Oversight by federal funding agencies and the USG as articulated in the March 2012 DURC Policy and the USG Policy for Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences DURC.

Responsibilities of PIs

PIs are to:

Notify the Institutional Review Entity as soon as:

The PI’s research involves one or more of the agents or toxins covered by this policy;
The PI’s research with one or more of the agents or toxins covered by this policy also produces, aims to produce, or can be reasonably anticipated to produce one or more of the seven effects listed in the experimental categories; or
The PI’s research that is within the scope of this policy may meet the definition of DURC.

Note: The notification must include the PI’s assessment of whether any research involving these agents or toxins produces, aims to produce, or is reasonably anticipated to produce one or more of the effects listed in the experimental categories.

2. Assess research for its DURC potential on an ongoing basis and notify the IRE when dual use concerns arise.

3. Work with the IRE to assess the dual use risks and benefits of the DURC and to develop risk mitigation measures.

4. Conduct DURC in accordance with the provisions in the risk mitigation plan.

5. Be knowledgeable about and comply with all institutional and federal policies and requirements for oversight of DURC.

6. Ensure that laboratory personnel (e.g., graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, research technicians, laboratory staff, and visiting scientists) conducting research with one or more of the agents covered by this policy have received education and training on DURC.

7. Communicate DURC in a responsible manner. Be mindful that communication of research and research findings occurs throughout the research process, not only at the point of publication. Researchers planning to communicate DURC should do so in compliance with the risk mitigation plan approved by the appropriate federal funding agency.

Responsibilities of CSU

CSU will:

Establish and implement internal policies and practices that provide a mechanism for the identification and effective oversight of DURC.
When research is identified by a PI as utilizing one of the agents or toxins listed above, initiate an institutional oversight process that includes:

Verification that the research utilizes one or more of the agents or toxins listed above;
Determination of whether the research produces, aims to produce, or is reasonably anticipated to produce one or more of the effects listed above;
Determination of whether the research meets the DURC definition and is therefore DURC. If the institutional review determines that the research in question does not fall within the scope or does not meet the definition of DURC, the research can continue without additional DURC oversight;
Assessment of the dual use risks and the benefits of the research;
Development of a risk mitigation plan for DURC, as necessary;
Implementation of the risk mitigation plan. After a risk mitigation plan is developed, the research must be conducted in accordance with that plan and must be periodically reviewed by the institution to determine if additional modifications to the risk mitigation plan are appropriate. For research that has been proposed but not yet initiated, the DURC component of the project should not be initiated until a risk mitigation plan is implemented;
Within 30 calendar days of the institutional review of the research for DURC potential, notification of the federal funding agency of any research utilizing a CAT that falls within the scope of the policy, including whether it meets or does not meet the definition of DURC. For non-federally funded research, notification may be made to NIH (which may in turn notify the appropriate federal funding agency, based upon the nature of the research); and
Within 90 calendar days from the time that the institution determined the research to be DURC utilizing a CAT, provide a copy of the risk mitigation plan to the funding agency for review – or for non-federally funded research, provision of the plan to NIH for review (or referral to the appropriate funding agency).

Ensure that internal policies establish a mechanism for the PI to refer a project to the IRE if, at any time, the PI’s work with one or more of the agents or toxins listed above also produces or can be reasonably anticipated to produce one or more of the seven effects listed above, or may meet the definition of DURC.
Designate the Institutional Contact for Dual Use Research (ICDUR), as appointed by the Vice President for Research, to serve as an internal resource for issues regarding compliance with and implementation of the requirements for the oversight of research that falls within the scope of the policy and/or meets the definition of DURC. If questions arise regarding compliance, implementation of this policy, the USG Policy for Institutional Oversight of Life Sciences DURC, or the March 2012 DURC Policy, or when guidance is needed about identifying DURC or developing risk mitigation plans, the ICDUR serves as the liaison (as necessary) between the institution and the relevant program officers at the federal funding agencies, or for non-federally funded research, between the institution and NIH (or the appropriate federal funding agency to which NIH refers the institution).
Establish an Institutional Review Entity (IRE) to execute the requirements. The IRE shall:
1. Be sufficiently empowered by the institution to ensure compliance with the institution’s dual use research policies.
2. Have sufficient breadth of expertise to assess the dual use potential of the range of relevant life sciences research conducted at a given research facility. IRE members will be appointed by the Vice President for Research for three-year terms and may be reappointed. The committee will be comprised of at least five members, including the following roles.
  1. Core voting members: ICDUR (serving as IRE Chair), Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC) Chair, Select Agent Responsible Official (RO), and may include a Virologist, Bacteriologist, and/or Immunologist.
  2. Ad hoc Consultants: Based on the nature of the proposed research, the IRE may choose to include various subject matter experts (SMEs) in the review process. SMEs may include, but are not limited to, experts from the following fields:
3. Export Control, Infection Control, Occupational Health, Plant Health, Animal Health, Public Health, Research Ethics, IT Security, Legal, and/or Public Relations. Have knowledge of dual use issues, concerns, and related institutional and federal policies and understand risk assessment and risk management considerations. The review entity should be aware that a variety of risk mitigation measures are available and that designating research as DURC does not necessarily mean that the research should not be conducted or communicated.
4. Make its procedures for reviewing life sciences research for dual use potential accessible to the public. The posted policies of the institution should include an overview of the institution’s procedures or review process but should not include details of particular cases or the minutes of the DURC review entity’s proceedings.
5. On a case-by-case basis, recuse any member of the IRE who is involved in the research project in question or has a direct financial interest, except to provide specific information requested by the review entity.
6. Engage in an ongoing dialogue with the PI of the research in question when developing appropriate risk mitigation plans.
7. Maintain records of institutional DURC reviews and completed risk mitigation plans for three years.
Provide education and training on DURC for individuals conducting life sciences research that falls within the scope of this Policy. Institutions may also wish to address dual use topics in existing courses on research ethics or the responsible conduct of research.
Maintain records of personnel training on dual use research for three years.
Report instances of noncompliance with this Policy, as well as mitigation measures undertaken by the institution to prevent recurrences of similar noncompliance, within 30 calendar days to the Federal funding agency or, for non-Federally funded research, to NIH (which will receive for administrative purposes on behalf of all of the institution’s Federal funders). Such notice is required for a non-compliance involving a CAT but optional for non-compliance involving institutional DURC.
As necessary, assist the PIs of life sciences research when questions arise about whether their research may require further review or oversight.
Establish an internal mechanism for PIs to appeal institutional decisions regarding research that is determined by the institutional review entity to meet the definition of DURC.
On an annual basis, provide a formal assurance to the Federal funding agencies that the institution is in compliance with all aspects of this Policy.

COMPLIANCE WITH THIS POLICY

Failure to comply with this Policy subjects the individual to potential criminal and civil penalties as well as University sanctions. Violations also subject the University to potentially serious sanctions, including loss of federal funding, and monetary penalties. The Office of Research Collaboration and Compliance (ORCC) will facilitate compliance through management and administration of standard operation procedures drafted and approved by the IRE.